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FOUR-STAGE PUMPS

Sommario nascondi
  1. 1 FOUR-STAGE PUMPS
    1. 2 The Pemo four-stage pump for deep suction needs
    2. 3 Four-Stage Pumps, the definition
    3. 4 How a four-stage pump works
    4. 5 Advantages and innovations of the four-stage pump
    5. 6 Which are the components of a four-stage pump
    6. 7 Industrial applications
    7. 8 Main advantages of four-stage pumps
    8. 9 Is there any challenge in using four-stage pumps?

The Pemo four-stage pump for deep suction needs

The four-stage Pemo pump by Perissinotto is available all over the world. The new pump model of the Italian company was born from listening to the needs of customers who demand higher performance, especially in terms of head.

Four-Stage Pumps, the definition

A four-stage pump is a multistage, or multi-body, centrifugal pump designed to work in high-pressure environments and using four impellers arranged in series. These types of pumps are essential in contexts where the suction under pressure of a flow of fluids deep from the bottom to the top is required.

The new four-stage pump made by Perissinotto is the result of careful design work and decades of experience in the production of multi-impeller pumps. After a careful dialogue with their customers, Perissinotto’s designers have come up with the best solution for their deep suction needs, the result has finally arrived, and it is the four-stage Pemo pump, the Perissinotto pump serial number 43.000!

How a four-stage pump works

In a four-stage pump, each “stage”, or “body” as you want to call it, consists of an impeller and a diffuser that work in harmony to increase the rotational speed and the pressure of fluid extraction in each subsequent stage.

The principle of a four-stage pump is based on the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the impellers. When the fluid enters the pump, it is directed towards the first impeller, which centrifuges it at a given speed. The impeller “adds energy” to the fluid by converting the mechanical energy of the motor into kinetics. The velocity of the liquid increases and it is pushed towards the diffuser, where the kinetic energy is finally “converted” into pressure.

Then, the fluid enters the pump, passes through the first stage, where its pressure increases, then passes to the second stage for a further increase in pressure, again to the third stage, and finally to the last stage which adds the final pressure boost before the fluid flows out of the pump.

Advantages and innovations of the four-stage pump

The main advantage of using four bodies is the ability to increase the pressure without reducing the flow rate. This makes four-stage pumps particularly useful in applications where it is necessary to maintain a constant, pressurized pressure flow over a long distance or at high altitudes, for example in the mining industry but not only.

In fact, the first major technical innovation of Perissinotto’s new four-stage pump is a head (meters of water column) of up to 200 meters. It goes without saying that the pump proves to be particularly suitable in contexts where the fluid is sucked in deeply. The second distinctive technical feature of the new Pemo pump is the ability to reach up to 30 bar.

Due to the way it is designed and thanks to these two technological innovations, Perissinotto’s Pemo Pumps four-stage pump can work at reduced speeds and, at the same time, at much longer durations. Ultimately, this type of pump is designed to operate in high efficiency for long periods, making it suitable for practically all industrial applications.

Which are the components of a four-stage pump

Now, we can see which are the main components of a four-stage pump. These include:

  1. Impellers.
    The impeller is the most crucial component of a pump: it is responsible for adding velocity and energy to the fluid. In a four-stage pump, we have four impellers, one for each stage. Each impeller is mounted on a rotating shaft and spins to propel the fluid through the pump.
  2. Pump Casing.
    The casing encloses the impellers and diffusers, providing protective housing for the pump’s internal components. It could also help maintain the pressure of the fluid as it moves through the system.
  3. Shaft.
    The impellers are mounted on a central shaft, which is driven by an electric motor. The shaft transmits mechanical energy from the motor to the impellers, enabling them to rotate and move the fluid.
  4. Suction and Discharge Ports.
    These ports are the entry and exit point for the fluid. The suction port allows the fluid to enter the pump, while the discharge port releases the pressurized fluid after it passes through all four stages.
  5. Seals and Bearings.
    Seals prevent leaks in the pump casing, while bearings support the rotating shaft and reduce friction, ensuring smooth operation. Proper lubrication of these components is essential for long-lasting pump performance.
four-stages pumps pompa quattro corpi
four-stage pump

Industrial applications

Four-stage pumps can be used in many industries that require the movement of liquids under pressure. Some of the best applications include:

  1. Ceramic. For transfer of slips or glazes. They also pumps muddy waters coming from all working areas for their elimination or for the recovery.
  2. Oil and Gas industry. In the oil and gas sector, four-stage pumps are used for pipeline transport, water injections in oil wells, and pumping crude oil.
  3. Mining and Construction.
    In the mining industry, four-stage pumps are employed to pump water, slurries, and other liquids in and out of mining operations.

Main advantages of four-stage pumps

Four-stage pumps offer several advantages over single-stage, two-stages or four-stages pumps, let’s see what they are.

Four-stage pumps can generate higher pressure than single-stage pumps. Since four-stage pumps are designed to operate at optimal efficiency, they can provide the desired pressure and flow without consuming excessive energy. Compared to using multiple pumps in series, a single four-stage pump offers a more compact and space-saving solution. Finally, four-stage pumps are built to handle demanding environments and are often more durable than single-stage pumps due to their reinforced design.

Is there any challenge in using four-stage pumps?

The use of four-stage pumps has also some challenges to consider, let’s see what they are:

Due to their complexity and the number of components, four-stage pumps require regular maintenance to ensure efficient operation. Bearings, seals, and impellers must be inspected periodically to avoid wear and tears, which can lead to reduced performance or pump failure.

If multi-stage pumps tend to be more expensive compared to single-stage pumps, their long-term energy savings and superior performance often offset the higher initial cost.

Like other centrifugal pumps, four-stage pumps are susceptible to cavitation, which occurs when the pressure in the pump drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid being pumped. This can cause vapor bubbles to form and collapse, potentially damaging the impellers and reducing pump efficiency. You can solve this issue with periodical maintenance.

At the end of the day, four-stage pumps are essential tools in various industries requiring high-pressure fluid handling. Their ability to maintain consistent pressure and flow over long distances or in complex systems makes them invaluable in oil and gas, water distribution, firefighting, power generation, and more. The efficiency, reliability, and versatility of four-stage pumps continue to make them a preferred choice in demanding industrial environments.

 

Pemo Pumps is an Italian excellence in the custom pumps market. With a production 100% made in Italy, 60% of Pemo Pumps revenues comes from direct sales worldwide. Just one third of our sales are to Italian companies for direct use and for selling wordwide. Pemo Pumps has subsidiaries, representatives, and agents in 20 Countries and has more than 4,000 customers in the World.

Contact today our consultants to learn more about the complete range of Pemo Pumps.